Demography / Week 14 / 배찬형 Bae Chanhyeong

1. Summary

 This week, we talk about demographics. study the size of the population or the distribution of structure and the changing pattern of the population over time due to human birth, death, migration, and aging. If divided into groups, they are divided into small groups such as society, education, religion, and ethnicity.
The reason why we study demographics is because we can learn and explain the social phenomena in detail. It is a useful study because it is an effective material for explaining world events. Anthropological statistics depend on large-scale data. Large data such as massive birth and death rates over a long period of time will help develop and identify demographic trends. Developing countries that are not developed have less confidence in their data because it is difficult to examine demographic data accurately.
And if you look at the birth rate graph, the birthrate is on the decline all over the world. Also, countries with high use of birth control pills generally have fewer babies per woman. Statistics on mortality are also described. Life expectancy is the number of years a person of a given age can expect to live at the current mortality rate. Developing countries have a markedly higher infant mortality rate than developed countries. On the other hand, developing countries have a lower life expectancy than developed countries. The higher the level of education, the higher the life expectancy.
The world's population increases by 80 million every year. The increase in birth rates is expected to occur in African countries. Although birth rates in most countries have decreased since 1990, birth rates are increasing in some parts of Africa, and on average women have more than five children. But if the population becomes too large, there must be problems. There is child poverty, high literacy rate, increased unemployment, lack of arable land, lack of surplus food, falling GDP, unsanitary conditions, and an increase in crime rates. 
There is also urbanization within the scope of demographics. Urbanization refers to the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. Urbanization, as defined by the United Nations, is the migration of people from rural to urban areas where population growth is equivalent to urban migration. Urbanization is related to social processes such as modernization and industrialization.

2. Interesting Point 

 The interesting part was about the growth of the city. If urbanization is carried out, heat island phenomenon will occur in cities. Heat island phenomenon is a phenomenon in which industrial and urban areas develop and heat is formed more. If this continues, the temperature of the city rises high and causes burns. I thought this was similar to the pattern of global warming. As cities develop, they become hotter and more carbon dioxide emissions are strengthened, resulting in the drying of the soil. Global warming also causes the Earth to rise in temperature and the ozone layer to disappear, causing the Earth to heat up and desert. When I saw that, I thought it was similar that the Earth got hot due to development.

3. Discussion

 The world's population is growing, and so is the polarization of wealth. People in some developing countries are suffering from extreme poverty due to a lack of arable land and surplus food, and in some countries people export surplus food and produce huge amounts of food waste every year. Is there any way to solve this?