Population statistics is the study of population dynamics. The reason for studying demographics is that it is useful to explain sociological phenomena at a macro level. Population statistics (especially global events) mainly rely on large-scale data derived from demographic and registration statistics (i.e., birth, death, marriage registration).
Birth Rate: Another important demographic concept related to childbirth is the replacement level. Alternative birth rate is the number of children a woman should have to have to replace the existing population. An alternative level of birth is generally defined as 2.1 children in a woman's life. One of the most powerful predictors of birth rates is the educational achievement of women. High levels of educational achievement almost worldwide lead to a low birth rate. However, education itself is not about lowering the birth rate but about other factors that lower the birth rate.
Mortality: In less developed parts of the world, infant mortality is higher than in more developed areas.
Demographic change is a model and theory that describes the change from high birth rate and mortality to low birth rate and mortality. Population growth is relatively slow in preindustrial societies because both birth and death rates are high. In most later industrial societies, both birth and death rates are low. Switching from high to low is called demographic change.
The effects of overpopulation have negative effects such as child poverty, low life expectancy, and unsanitary conditions.
2. What do you learn? / What was interesting?
The birth rate in Africa is also decreasing. The higher the educational attainment of women, the lower the rate of birthrates in schools. Education itself is not about lowering birthrates but about other factors that lower birthrates. Birth rates are also closely related to the level of development in countries that affect other factors. But one of the biggest factors is the cost of children. In developing and developing countries, children often become financial assets of parents because they work on farms with cheap labor.
I first learned that one of the best predictors of longevity is education. Additional years of schooling can add a few more years to your life and greatly improve your health in old age. This is because schools affect other health-related behaviors. For example, smoking prevention education.
Currently, the world's population increases by about 80 million each year. This could lead to overpopulation. Some scholars argue that the human population increases and decreases predictably with the amount of food available. But in some food-rich countries, the population is declining.
3. Discussion Point
If it's a low birth rate, shouldn't the whole world population be reduced? But the number of people around the world is increasing. Is there a way to solve both low fertility and overpopulation?
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