Race & Ethnicity and Gender / Week10 / Zhang Peiyao

summary
Race and nation are only one word difference, but there are essential differences: 1. Connotation. Race is a group of people with common physical characteristics formed in the early stages of human development. The nationality refers to the stable community formed by people in the history of common language, common territory, common economic life and common psychological quality expressed in common culture. 2. The extension of the difference. The same race can be divided into different ethnic groups. 3. The difference between the signs. Race is generally marked by physical characteristics such as skin color, hair color and hair style, eye color, head shape, facial shape, nose shape, and blood type. The nationality is divided by social factors such as language, geography, economic life and psychological quality.4. Attributes are different. Race is produced in the early days of human history. Human groups have lived in different geographical environments for a long time. It is a natural phenomenon. There is no distinction between good and bad. The "racial superiority theory" advocated by racists is an anti-science paradox. The nation is a social entity. This community of people is not from ancient times, nor is it forever eternal, but the product of the development of human society to a certain historical stage. In the future, when the world enters the communist era, With the high development and prosperity of all ethnic groups, ethnic differences will gradually disappear. Therefore it is a social attribute. 5. The difference in quantity.

what is interesting
Physiological gender and gender: Physiological gender is an innate sexual characteristic of human beings. It does not differ according to people's race, ethnicity, region or country. Gender is formed by the day after tomorrow, it is social change and society. The result of the interaction of political, economic, and cultural factors, different historical periods, different political systems, economic systems, and different social and cultural traditions, will produce different gender relations. Therefore, gender is a concept of dynamic development, with historical stage, sociality and co-plasticity. The historical stage of gender refers to the difference in gender roles between men and women in different historical periods. Sociality refers to the gender, political, economic, cultural and other factors that interact with each other in different societies. The construction, that is, different societies have different gender systems; co-plasticity indicates that the formation of gender is not the spontaneous or conscious cultivation of a particular group, but the result of the mutual shaping of men and women in the same society. Gender is the core concept of contemporary women's theory and the central content of feminist academics. It is different from the “physical gender” marked by human biometrics, referring to the social identity constructed in a social way. look forward to. Gender theory analyzes the essence and roots of gender inequality in human society. It is believed that the gender roles assumed by men and women are not determined by physiology, but mainly formed by the acquired and social and cultural constraints. The role and status of society, the expectation and evaluation of gender roles in society (such as male high female low, male superior female bad), gender stereotypes and social understanding of gender differences, etc., more importantly, the products of society, Moreover, it is further promoted and consolidated through religion, education, law, and social mechanisms. It is standardized, institutionalized, institutionalized, polarized (two-dimensional opposition between men and women), and social expectations modeled under the state's participation in operations.
discussion
People in today's society are increasingly pursuing equality. Whether it is national, ethnic or gender equality. How can we achieve true equality? What do you think?